Livermorium Facts - Element 116 or Lv

Livermorium Facts - Element 116 or Lv Livermorium (Lv) is element 116 on the periodic table of the elements. Livermorium is a highly radioactive man-made element (not observed in nature). Heres a collection of interesting facts about element 116, as well as a look at its history, properties, and uses: Interesting Livermorium Facts Livermorium was first produced in July 19, 2000 by scientists working jointly at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA) and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). At the Dubna facility, a single atom of livermorium-293 was observed from bombarding a curium-248 target with calcium-48 ions. The element 116 atom decayed into flerovium-289, via alpha decay.Researchers at Lawrence Livermore had announced synthesis of element 116 in 1999, by fusing krypton-86 and lead-208 nuclei to form ununoctium-293 (element 118), which decayed into livermorium-289. However, they retracted the discovery after no one (including themselves) was able to replicate the result. In fact, in 2002, the lab announced the discovery had been based on fabricated data attributed to the principal author, Victor Ninov.Element 116 was called eka-polonium, using Mendeleevs naming convention for unverified elements, or ununhexium (Uuh), using the IUPAC naming convention. Once a new elements synthes is is verified, the discoverers get the right to give it a name. The Dubna group wanted to name element 116 moscovium, after the Moscow Oblast, where Dubna is situated. The Lawrence Livermore team wanted the name livermorium (Lv), which recognizes Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Livermore, California, where it is located. The city is named, in turn, for American rancher Robert Livermore, so he indirectly got an element named after him. The IUPAC approved the name livermorium on May 23, 2012. Should researchers ever synthesize enough of element 116 to observe it, its likely livermorium would be a solid metal at room temperature. Based on its position on the periodic table, the element should display chemical properties similar to those of its homologous element, polonium. Some of these chemical properties are also shared by oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. Based on its physical and atomic data, livermorium is expected to favor the 2 oxidation state, although some activity of the 4 oxidation state may occur. The 6 oxidation state is not expected to occur at all. Livermorium is expected to have a higher melting point than polonium, yet a lower boiling point. Livermorium is expected to have a higher density than polonium.Livermorium is near an island of nuclear stability, centered on copernicium (element 112) and flerovium (element 114). Elements within the island of stability decay almost exclusively via alpha decay. Livermorium lacks the neutrons to truly be on the island, yet its heavier isotopes decay more slowly than its lighter ones. The molecule livermorane (LvH2) would be the heaviest homolog of water. Livermorium Atomic Data Element Name/Symbol: Livermorium (Lv) Atomic Number: 116 Atomic Weight: [293] Discovery:  Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2000) Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p4   or perhaps [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2 7p21/2  7p2  3/2, to reflect the 7p subshell split Element Group: p-block, group 16 (chalcogens) Element Period: period 7 Density: 12.9 g/cm3 (predicted) Oxidation States: probably -2, 2, 4 with the 2 oxidation state predicted to be most stable Ionization Energies: Ionization energies are predicted values: 1st:  723.6  kJ/mol2nd:  1331.5  kJ/mol3rd:  2846.3  kJ/mol Atomic Radius: 183 pm Covalent Radius: 162-166 pm (extrapolated) Isotopes: 4 isotopes are known, with mass number 290-293. Livermorium-293 has the longest half-life, which is approximately 60 milliseconds.   Melting Point:  637–780  K  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(364–507  Ã‚ °C, ​687–944  Ã‚ °F) predicted Boiling Point:1035–1135  K ​(762–862  Ã‚ °C, ​1403–1583  Ã‚ °F) predicted Uses of Livermorium: At present, the only uses of livermorium are for scientific research. Livermorium Sources: Superheavy elements, such as element 116, are the result of nuclear fusion. If scientists succeed in forming even heavier elements, livermorium might be seen as a decay product. Toxicity: Livermorium presents a health hazard because of its extreme radioactivity. The element serves no known biological function in any organism. References Fricke, Burkhard (1975). Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144.Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer ScienceBusiness Media.Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov; Lobanov; Abdullin; Polyakov; Shirokovsky; Tsyganov; Gulbekian; Bogomolov; Gikal; Mezentsev; Iliev; Subbotin; Sukhov; Ivanov; Buklanov; Subotic; Itkis; Moody; Wild; Stoyer; Stoyer; Lougheed; Laue; Karelin; Tatarinov (2000). Observation of the decay of  292116.  Physical Review C.  63:Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V.; Lobanov, Yu.; Abdullin, F.; Polyakov, A.; Shirokovsky, I.; Tsyganov, Yu.; Gulbekian, G.; Bogomolov, S.; Gikal, B. N.; et al. (2004). Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotop es of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions  233,238U,  242Pu, and  248Cm48Ca.  Physical Review C.  70  (6).

Biography of Walt Disney, Animator and Film Producer

Biography of Walt Disney, Animator and Film Producer Walt Disney (born Walter Elias Disney; December 5, 1901–December 15, 1966) was a cartoonist and entrepreneur who developed a multibillion-dollar family entertainment empire. Disney was the renowned creator of Mickey Mouse, the first sound cartoon, the first Technicolor cartoon, and the first feature-length cartoon. In addition to winning 22 Academy Awards in his lifetime, Disney also created the first major theme park: Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Fast Facts: Walt Disney Known For: Disney was a pioneering animator and film producer who won 22 Academy Awards and built one of the largest media empires in the world.Born: December 5, 1901 in Chicago, IllinoisParents: Elias and Flora DisneyDied: December 15, 1966 in Burbank, CaliforniaAwards and Honors: 22 Academy Awards, Cecil B. DeMille Award, Hollywood Walk of Fame, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Congressional Gold MedalSpouse: Lillian Bounds (m. 1925-1966)Children: Diane, Sharon Early Life Walt Disney was born the fourth son of Elias Disney and Flora Disney (nà ©e Call) in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1901. By 1903, Elias, a handyman and carpenter, had grown weary of crime in Chicago; thus, he moved his family to a 45-acre farm he purchased in Marceline, Missouri. Elias was a stern man who administered â€Å"corrective† beatings to his five children; Flora soothed the children with nightly readings of fairy tales. After the two eldest sons grew up and left home, Walt Disney and his older brother Roy worked on the farm with their father. In his free time, Disney made up games and sketched the farm animals. In 1909, Elias sold the farm and purchased an established newspaper route in Kansas City, where he moved his remaining family. It was in Kansas City that Disney developed a love for an amusement park called Electric Park, which featured 100,000 electric lights illuminating a roller coaster, a dime museum, penny arcade, swimming pool, and a colorful fountain light show. Rising at 3:30 a.m. seven days a week, 8-year-old Walt Disney and brother Roy delivered the newspapers, taking quick naps in alleyways before heading to Benton Grammar School. In school, Disney excelled in reading; his favorite authors were Mark Twain and Charles Dickens. Love of Drawing In art class, Disney surprised his teacher with original sketches of flowers with human hands and faces. After stepping on a nail on his newspaper route, Disney had to spend two weeks in bed recuperating. He spent his time reading and drawing newspaper-style cartoons. Elias sold the newspaper route in 1917 and bought a partnership in the O-Zell Jelly factory in Chicago, moving Flora and Walt with him (Roy had enlisted in the U.S. Navy). Sixteen-year-old Walt Disney attended McKinley High School, where he became the school newspaper’s junior art editor. To pay for evening art classes at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, he washed jars in his father’s jelly factory. Wanting to join Roy, who was fighting in World War I, Disney tried to join the Army but at age 16 he was too young. Undeterred, he joined the Red Cross’ Ambulance Corps, which took him to France and Germany. Animation After spending 10 months in Europe, Disney returned to the U.S. In October 1919, he got a job as a commercial artist at the Pressman-Rubin Studio in Kansas City. Disney met and became friends with fellow artist Ub Iwerks at the studio. When Disney and Iwerks were laid off in January 1920, they formed Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. Due to a lack of clients, however, the duo only survived for about a month. After getting jobs at the Kansas City Film Ad Company as cartoonists, Disney and Iwerks began making commercials for movie theaters. Disney borrowed a camera from the studio and began experimenting with stop-action animation in his garage. He shot footage of his animal drawings using different techniques until the pictures actually â€Å"moved† in fast and slow motion. His cartoons (which he called Laugh-O-Grams) eventually became superior to the ones he was working on at the studio; he even figured out a way to merge live action with animation. Disney suggested to his boss that they make cartoons, but his boss flatly turned down the idea, content with making commercials. Laugh-O-Gram Films In 1922, Disney quit the Kansas City Film Ad Company and opened a studio in Kansas City called Laugh-O-Gram Films. He hired a few employees, including Iwerks, and sold a series of fairy tale cartoons to Pictorial Films in Tennessee. Disney and his staff began work on six cartoons, each one a seven-minute fairy tale that combined live action and animation. Unfortunately, Pictorial Films went bankrupt in July 1923; as a result,  so did Laugh-O-Gram Films. Next, Disney decided he would try his luck at working in a Hollywood studio as a director and joined his brother Roy in Los Angeles, where Roy was recovering from tuberculosis. Having no luck getting a job at any of the studios, Disney sent a letter to Margaret J. Winkler, a New York cartoon distributor, to see if she had any interest in distributing his Laugh-O-Grams. After Winkler viewed the cartoons, she and Disney signed a contract. On October 16, 1923, Disney and Roy rented a room at the back of a real estate office in Hollywood. Roy took on the role of accountant and cameraman of the live action; a little girl was hired to act in the cartoons; two women were hired to ink and paint the celluloid, and Disney wrote the stories and drew and filmed the animation. By February 1924, Disney had hired his first animator, Rollin Hamilton, and moved into a small storefront with a window bearing the sign â€Å"Disney Bros. Studio.† Disney’s Alice in Cartoonland reached theaters in June 1924. Mickey Mouse In early 1925, Disney moved his growing staff to a one-story, stucco building and renamed his business â€Å"Walt Disney Studio.† Disney hired Lillian Bounds, an ink artist, and began dating her. On July 13, 1925, the couple married in her hometown of Spalding, Idaho. Disney was 24; Lillian was 26. Meanwhile, Margaret Winkler also married, and her new husband, Charles Mintz, took over her cartoon distribution business. In 1927, Mintz asked Disney to rival the popular â€Å"Felix the Cat† series. Mintz suggested the name â€Å"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit† and Disney created the character and made the series. In 1928, when costs became increasingly high, Disney and Lillian took a train trip to New York to renegotiate the contract for the popular Oswald series. Mintz countered with even less money than he was currently paying, informing Disney that he owned the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, and that he had lured most of Disney’s animators to come work for him. Shocked, shaken, and saddened, Disney boarded the train for the long ride back. In a depressed state, he sketched a character and named him Mortimer Mouse. Lillian suggested the name Mickey Mouse instead. Back in Los Angeles, Disney copyrighted Mickey Mouse and, along with Iwerks, created new cartoons with Mickey Mouse as the star. Without a distributor, though, Disney could not sell the silent Mickey Mouse cartoons. Sound and Color In 1928, sound became the latest in film technology. Disney pursued several New York film companies to record his cartoons with this new novelty. He struck a deal with Pat Powers of Cinephone. Disney provided the voice of Mickey Mouse and Powers added sound effects and music. Powers became the distributor of the cartoons and on November 18, 1928, Steamboat Willie opened at the Colon Theater in New York. It was Disney’s (and the world’s) first cartoon with sound. Steamboat Willie received rave reviews and audiences everywhere adored Mickey Mouse. In 1929, Disney began making â€Å"Silly Symphonies,† a series of cartoons that included dancing skeletons, the Three Little Pigs, and characters other than Mickey Mouse, including Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. In 1931, a new film-coloring technique known as Technicolor became the latest in film technology. Until then, everything had been filmed in black and white. To hold off the competition, Disney paid to hold the rights to Technicolor for two years. He filmed a Silly Symphony titled Flowers and Trees in Technicolor, showing colorful nature with human faces, and the film won the Academy Award for Best Cartoon of 1932. On December 18, 1933, Lillian gave birth to Diane Marie Disney, and on December 21, 1936, Lillian and Walt Disney adopted Sharon Mae Disney. Feature-Length Cartoons Disney decided to add dramatic storytelling to his cartoons, but making a feature-length cartoon had everyone (including Roy and Lillian) saying it would never work; they believed audiences just wouldn’t sit that long through a dramatic cartoon. Despite the naysayers, Disney, ever the experimenter, went to work on the feature-length fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Production of the cartoon cost $1.4 million (a massive sum in 1937) and was soon dubbed â€Å"Disney’s Folly.† When it premiered in theaters on December 21, 1937, though, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was a box office sensation. Despite the Great Depression, it earned $416 million. A notable achievement in cinema, the movie won Disney an Honorary Academy Award. The citation read, For Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, recognized as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field. Union Strikes After the success of Snow White, Disney constructed his state-of-the-art Burbank Studio, deemed a worker’s paradise for a staff of about 1,000 workers. The studio, with animation buildings, sound stages, and recording rooms, produced Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). Unfortunately, these feature-length cartoons lost money worldwide due to the start of World War II. Along with the cost of the new studio, Disney found himself in debt. He offered 600,000 shares of common stock, sold at five dollars apiece. The stock offerings sold out quickly and erased the debt. Between 1940 and 1941, movie studios began unionizing; it wasn’t long before Disney’s workers wanted to unionize as well. While his workers demanded better pay and working conditions, Disney believed that his company had been infiltrated by communists. After numerous and heated meetings, strikes, and lengthy negotiations, Disney finally became unionized. However, the whole process left Disney feeling disillusioned and discouraged. World War II With the union question finally settled, Disney was able to turn his attention back to his cartoons; this time for the U.S. government. The United States had joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and it was sending millions of young men overseas to fight. The U.S. government wanted Disney to produce training films using his popular characters; Disney obliged, creating more than 400,000 feet of film (about 68 hours). More Movies After the war, Disney returned to his own agenda and made Song of the South (1946), a movie that was 30 percent animation and 70 percent live action. Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah was named the best movie song of 1946 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts Sciences, while James Baskett, who played the character of Uncle Remus in the movie, won an Oscar. In 1947, Disney decided to make a documentary about Alaskan seals titled Seal Island (1948). It won an Academy Award for best two-reel documentary. Disney then assigned his top talent to make Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951), and Peter Pan (1953). Plans for Disneyland After building a train to ride his two daughters around his new home in Holmby Hills, California, Disney began formulating a dream in 1948 to build Mickey Mouse Amusement Park across the street from his studio. He visited fairs, carnivals, and parks around the world to study the choreography of people and attractions. Disney borrowed on his life insurance policy and created WED Enterprises to organize his amusement park idea, which he was now referring to as Disneyland. Disney and Herb Ryman drew out the plans for the park in one weekend. The plan included an entrance gate to Main Street that would lead to Cinderella’s Castle and off to different lands of interest, including Frontier Land, Fantasy Land, Tomorrow Land, and Adventure Land. The park would be clean and innovative, a place where parents and children could have fun together on rides and attractions; they would be entertained by Disney characters in the â€Å"happiest place on earth.† Roy visited New York to seek a contract with a television network. Roy and Leonard Goldman reached an agreement where ABC would give Disney a $500,000 investment in Disneyland in exchange for a weekly Disney television series. ABC became a 35 percent owner of Disneyland and guaranteed loans up to $4.5 million. In July 1953, Disney commissioned the Stanford Research Institute to find a location for his (and the world’s) first major theme park. Anaheim, California, was selected since it could easily be reached by freeway from Los Angeles. Previous movie profits were not enough to cover the cost of building Disneyland, which took about a year to build at a cost of $17 million. Roy made numerous visits to the Bank of Americas headquarters to secure more funding. Disneyland Opens On July 13, 1955, Disney sent out 6,000 exclusive guest invitations, including to Hollywood movie stars, to enjoy the opening of Disneyland.  ABC sent cameramen to film the opening. However, many tickets were counterfeited and 28,000 people showed up. Rides broke down, food stands ran out of food, a heat wave caused freshly poured asphalt to capture shoes, and a gas leak caused temporary closings in a few themed areas. Despite the newspapers referring to this cartoon-ish day as Black Sunday, guests from all over the world loved it and the park became a major success. Ninety days later, the one-millionth guest passed through the parks turnstile. Plans for Walt Disney World, Florida In 1964, Disney’s Mary Poppins premiered; the film was nominated for 13 Academy Awards. With this success, Disney sent Roy and a few other Disney executives to Florida in 1965 to purchase land for another theme park. In October 1966, Disney gave a press conference to describe his plans for building an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (EPCOT) in Florida. The new park would be five times the size of Disneyland, and it would include shopping, entertainment venues, and hotels. The new Disney World development would not be completed, however, until five years after Disney’s death. The new Magic Kingdom (which included Main Street USA; Cinderellas Castle leading to Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland) opened on October 1, 1971, along with Disneys Contemporary Resort, Disneys Polynesian Resort, and Disneys Fort Wilderness Resort Campground. EPCOT, Walt Disney’s second theme park vision, which featured a future world of innovation and a showcase of other countries, opened in 1982. Death In 1966, doctors informed Disney that he had lung cancer. After having a lung removed and several chemotherapy sessions, Disney collapsed in his home and was admitted to St. Joseph’s Hospital on December 15, 1966. He died at 9:35 a.m. from an acute circulatory collapse and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Legacy Disney left behind one of the largest media empires in the world. Since his death, the Walt Disney Company has only grown; today, it employs more than 200,000 people and generates billions in revenue each year. For his artistic achievements, Disney amassed 22 Oscars and numerous other honors. In 1960, he was given two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (one for his film and one for his television work). Sources David, Erica, and Bill Robinson.  Disney. Random House, 2015.The Disneyland Story. Walt Disney Productions, 1985.

Risk Management In The Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management In The Airline Industry - Essay Example This essay compares two worldwide famous airline corporations such as British Airways and EasyJet. At the end of 2008, the total revenues of British Airways earned were 15,012 million dollars. As opposed to British Airways which is a larger corporation and a major fleet carrier, EasyJet is the largest low fare airline for leisure and business passengers, operating all over Europe. In both airline companies, the element of risk and insurance policies are highly managed. This essay focuses on ways that these companies use to reduce losses and gain certain profits. The main aspects of risk, that are discussed in this comparative essay are: the single loss of aircraft or its part, a collision between two aircraft, terrorist acts, economical crises, pandemics and changes in government regulation or laws. Insurers of the big airline companies, such as British Airways need to plan for such events and to create a special insurance funds. That is why risk managment is highly important issue these days. This essay also contains some tables on fuel pricing and currency rates throughout recent years and a risk management strategy, that provides the airline with protection against sudden increases in oil prices. In conclusion of this comparative essay, British Airways and EasyJet are also analyzed on their complicated strategies to managing changeable currentsy rates and fuel pricing, including the increasing of ticket pricing, foreign exchange conversions and hedging to manage these risks.

Maketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maketing Report - Essay Example Currently, Fashion Sense is based on providing popular wear to teenagers and young adults. However, most of this caters to the youth that are in the United States. Since Fashion Sense is at an international level, there is the need to find popular trends that are based on newer concepts and fusion wear that can be used in different countries. To begin, Fashion Sense will need to develop a line of products and second brand name that can be used within a different market. To begin, there will be an analysis of the most popular areas that are looking into international trends which are considering the option of moving into Western styles. Fusion wear is now becoming popular in places such as Singapore, Eastern Asia and parts of India. However, the melting pot regions in these areas are also known to be more conservative than most of the Western wear styles. For Fashion Sense to move into this region is the need to develop a new line of products that is specific to each area, specificall y with a focus on trends and styles that are incorporated into the Eastern regions (Patel, 2010). Since international trends are becoming more popular in Eastern regions, but there are still cultural borders, Fashion Sense will be most effective by looking into a product line and brand name that is specific to each region. Creating a brand based on western wear while combining different aspects of ethnic looks will provide an appeal for trends that can easily be accepted in the culture while remaining fashion forward. More importantly, this line of products will help to diversify and establish the product line of Fashion Sense. By creating this branch of products, there will be the ability to move into more than one target market for youth while remaining fashion forward with the line of products. The traditional promotions of Fashion Sense will be the first way in which the line is promoted. The marketing mix of the product, price, place and promotion will be

Labour Law & Industrial Relations-Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Labour Law Industrial Relations-Bangladesh Essay If the objection not met satisfactorily DOL may reject the application Judgement of the LAT shall be final Any party aggrieved by the judgement of Labour Court may prefer to appeal to the Labour Appellate Tribunal within 30 days from the date of order of Labour Court Labour Court may pass an order directing the DOL to register the TU within a period of 7 days Labour Court may dismiss the appeal of Trade Union Labour Court Conducts hearing into the appeal TU may apply to Labour Court within 30 days from the date of rejection or in case any delayed disposal by the DOL

Of Mice and Men, 3 Characters with Loneliness :: essays research papers

Loneliness is the sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned. John Steinbeck brought up the theme of loneliness in many characters in Of Mice and Men. Crooks, Curley?s wife, and Candy expressed the theme of loneliness in many different forms throughout the story. Early in the novella George said, life working as ranch hands is on the loneliness lives to live, for these people finding friendship seems to be impossible. Crooks expressed feelings of loneliness through out Of Mice and Men. Crooks? loneliness is caused because he is black, at the time the story took place there was racism. Since Crooks is black he wasn?t able to socialize with the white men. When Steinbeck describes all of Crooks? possessions, it shows that Crooks has been at the ranch a long time and that his possessions are all the he cares about. In Crooks? room, Lennie comes to talk to him. Crooks is cautious at first, this was from the years of racism that Crooks endured, he learned not to associate with white folk. Steinbeck expresses the theme of loneliness in the character of Candy. Candy is lonely because his is missing half an arm. Candy?s disability separates him from society, an example of Curley being set aside is when everybody else goes to town he is left in the barn with Crooks, Lennie, and Curley?s wife. Candy?s only friendship was with his old, smelly dog. Candy?s dog was a symbol of himself (old, and useless). When Carlson kills Candy?s dog he kills Candy on the inside as well. Curley?s wife had the most pathetic and depressing life. Curley?s Wife spent her whole life trying to grab attention. She was always labeled and ignored by everyone on the ranch, an example of this is when George tells Lennie that she was trouble and to stay away from her. Curley?s wife was ignored and used from early on, when she was given false intentions on being a movie star. Of Mice and Men, 3 Characters with Loneliness :: essays research papers Loneliness is the sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned. John Steinbeck brought up the theme of loneliness in many characters in Of Mice and Men. Crooks, Curley?s wife, and Candy expressed the theme of loneliness in many different forms throughout the story. Early in the novella George said, life working as ranch hands is on the loneliness lives to live, for these people finding friendship seems to be impossible. Crooks expressed feelings of loneliness through out Of Mice and Men. Crooks? loneliness is caused because he is black, at the time the story took place there was racism. Since Crooks is black he wasn?t able to socialize with the white men. When Steinbeck describes all of Crooks? possessions, it shows that Crooks has been at the ranch a long time and that his possessions are all the he cares about. In Crooks? room, Lennie comes to talk to him. Crooks is cautious at first, this was from the years of racism that Crooks endured, he learned not to associate with white folk. Steinbeck expresses the theme of loneliness in the character of Candy. Candy is lonely because his is missing half an arm. Candy?s disability separates him from society, an example of Curley being set aside is when everybody else goes to town he is left in the barn with Crooks, Lennie, and Curley?s wife. Candy?s only friendship was with his old, smelly dog. Candy?s dog was a symbol of himself (old, and useless). When Carlson kills Candy?s dog he kills Candy on the inside as well. Curley?s wife had the most pathetic and depressing life. Curley?s Wife spent her whole life trying to grab attention. She was always labeled and ignored by everyone on the ranch, an example of this is when George tells Lennie that she was trouble and to stay away from her. Curley?s wife was ignored and used from early on, when she was given false intentions on being a movie star.

The Fluidity of War. Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern “War”

War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. It is generally characterised by extreme violence, social disruption, and economic destruction. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called peace. In 2003, Nobel Laureate Richard E.Smalley identified war as the sixth biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years. In the 1832 treatise On War, Prussian military general and theoretician Carl von Clausewitz defined war as follows: â€Å"War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will. † While some scholars see warfare as an inescapable and integral aspect of human nature, others argue that it is only inevitable under certain socio-cultural or ecological circ umstances. Some scholars argue that the practice of war is not linked to any single type of political organization or society.Rather, as discussed by John Keegan in his History of Warfare, war is a universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by the society that wages it. Another argument suggests that since there are human societies in which warfare does not exist, humans may not be naturally disposed for warfare, which emerges under particular circumstances. The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, with 60–85 million deaths.Proportionally speaking, the most destructive war in modern history has been claimed to be the War of the Triple Alliance, which took the lives of over 60% of Paraguay's population. Etymology The English word war derives from the late Old English words wyrre and werre; the Old North French werre; the Frankish werra; and the Proto-Germanic werso. The denotation of war deriv es from the Old Saxon werran, Old High German werran, and the German verwirren: â€Å"to confuse†, â€Å"to perplex†, and â€Å"to bring into confusion†.Another posited derivation is from the Ancient Greek barbaros, the Old Persian varhara, and the Sanskrit varvar and barbara. In German, the equivalent is Krieg; the equivalent Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian words for â€Å"war† is guerra, derived from the Germanic werra . Etymologic legend has it that the Romanic peoples adopted a foreign, Germanic word for â€Å"war†, to avoid using the Latin bellum, because, when sounded, it tended to merge with the sound of the word bello .The scholarly study of war is sometimes called polemology, from the Greek polemos, meaning â€Å"war†, and -logy, meaning â€Å"the study of†. Types of war War, to become known as one, must entail some degree of confrontation using weapons and other military technology and equipment by armed forces employing mi litary tactics and operational art within the broad military strategy subject to military logistics. War Studies by military theorists throughout military history have sought to identify the philosophy of war, and to reduce it to a military science.Modern military science considers several factors before a national defence policy is created to allow a war to commence: the environment in the area of combat operations, the posture national forces will adopt on the commencement of a war, and the type of warfare troops will be engaged in. Conventional warfare is an attempt to reduce an opponent's military capability through open battle. It is a declared war between existing states in which nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons are not used or only see limited deployment in support of conventional military goals and maneuvers.The opposite of conventional warfare, unconventional warfare, is an attempt to achieve military victory through acquiescence, capitulation, or clandestine suppor t for one side of an existing conflict. Nuclear warfare is warfare in which nuclear weapons are the primary, or a major, method of coercing the capitulation of the other side, as opposed to a supporting tactical or strategic role in a conventional conflict. Civil war is a war where the forces in conflict belong to the same nation or political entity and are vying for control of or independence from that nation or political entity.Asymmetric warfare is a conflict between two populations of drastically different levels of military capability or size. Asymmetric conflicts often result in guerrilla tactics being used to overcome the sometimes vast gaps in technology and force size. Intentional air pollution in combat is one of a collection of techniques collectively called chemical warfare. Poison gas as a chemical weapon was principally used during World War I, and resulted in an estimated 91,198 deaths and 1,205,655 injuries.Various treaties have sought to ban its further use. Non-let hal chemical weapons, such as tear gas and pepper  spray, are widely used, sometimes with deadly effect. Behaviour and conduct in war The behaviour of troops in warfare varies considerably, both individually and as units or armies. In some circumstances, troops may engage in genocide, war rape and ethnic cleansing. Commonly, however, the conduct of troops may be limited to posturing and sham attacks, leading to highly rule-bound and often largely symbolic combat in which casualties are much reduced from that which would be expected if soldiers were genuinely violent towards the enemy. Situations of deliberate dampening of hostilities occurred in World War I by some accounts, e.

Hunger in Angola Essay

Hunger in Angola Angola has one of fastest growing economies in the world yet still suffers from hunger. The population of Angola was estimated to be 12,263,596 in 2007. The countries total infant mortality rate (IMR) was 184. 44 deaths per 1,000 live births with IMR for males being 196. 55 deaths per 1,000 live births and for females 171. 72 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007 (www. geographyiq. com). The life expectancy is low partly because of starvation, unsafe food and water, and a high incidence of deaths from AIDS. The life expectancy of Angolan males was 36. 73 years and for females 38. 57 years in 2007. The total fertility rate was 6. 27 children born per woman, which ranks high compared to developed countries like the US which had a total fertility rate of 2. 09 children born per woman in 2007 (geographyiq. com). Angola is a developing country that depends on getting half of its food supply from imports and foreign aid (geographyiq. com). Agriculture still remains the primary method for feeding the countries people. Major barriers that face the country are few roadways for import and export, a corrupt government, drought, and unusable land due to landmines that were set during the 27 year long Angolan Civil War that ended in 2002. One of the major exports in Angola is oil and petroleum which contribute to its growing economy, but the countries people see very little of the revenue due to government corruption. Much of the oil from Angola is exported to industrialized nations like the United States. In this way the countries policies follow the dependency theory in which its natural resources are exported to countries that are well off. The country also supplies other natural resources for export which include diamonds, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, and cotton. The modernization theory would provide a good guideline for reducing hunger in Angola. In this way the country could begin to use its natural resources such as oil for export to provide revenues to feed its people. Also commercial farming and agricultural techniques could be taught so that more of the prime agricultural land could be used for mass agriculture. With the use of modern farming techniques the country could become self-sufficient and not depend on foreign aid. However, in Angola a plan to remove landmines would need to be implemented to allow safe farming. The country would also need to implement plans to build roadways in order to see continued growth in their export and import economies.

Literacy is key to success at work - Emphasis

Literacy is key to success at work Literacy is key to success at work Poor literacy at work is still a major problem, new research has found. The report, Literacy: State of the Nation, examined the UKs literacy levels both in schools and in the workplace. While a quarter of young people see no connection between reading and success, the research results made the link clear. Two-thirds of men and three-quarters of women with low literacy levels had never received a promotion. The knock-on effect could be costing the rest of the country too, according to the National Literacy Trust, which published the report. The findings are extremely worrying, says Jonathan Douglas, the Trusts director. It is estimated that poor literacy costs the economy 2.5bn a year. Worrying indeed.

Profile and Key Facts About President Harry Truman

Profile and Key Facts About President Harry Truman Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri. He grew up on farms and in 1890 his family settled in Independence, Missouri. He had bad eyesight from a youth but he loved to read having been taught by his mother. He especially liked history and government. He was an excellent piano player. He went to local grade and high schools. Truman did not continue his education until 1923 because he had to help make money for his family. He did attend two years of law school from 1923-24. Fast Facts: Harry S Truman Born: May 8, 1884, Lamar, MODied: December 26, 1972Parents: John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young TrumanTerm of Office: April 12, 1945 - Jan. 20, 1953Spouse: Elizabeth Bess Virginia Wallace (1919)Children: Mary Jane TrumanMajor Events in Office: Atomic Bombs  dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945), end of World War II  (1945), creation of United Nations (1945), Nuremburg Trials (1945-1946), Truman Doctrine  (1947), Taft-Hartley Act (1947), creation of Israel, Marshall Plan  (1948-1952), NATO Treaty (1949), Korean Conflict  (1950-1953), Twenty-Second Amendment Ratified  (1951), Hydrogen Bomb Detonated (1952)Famous Quote: Im going to fight hard. Im going to give them hell. Family Truman was the son of John Anderson Truman, a farmer and livestock trader and active Democrat and  Martha Ellen Young Truman. He had one brother,  Vivian Truman, and one sister, Mary Jane Truman. On  June 28, 1919, Truman married  Elizabeth Bess Virginia Wallace. They 35 and 34, respectively. Together, they had one  daughter, Margaret Truman. She is a singer and a novelist, writing not only biographies of her parents but also mysteries. Harry S Trumans Career Before the Presidency Truman worked at odd jobs after graduating from high school to help his family make ends meet. He helped on his fathers farm from 1906 until he joined the military to fight in World War I. After the war he opened a hat shop which failed in 1922. Truman was made a judge of Jackson Co., Missouri, which was an administrative post. From 1926-34, he was the head judge of the county. From 1935-45, he served as a Democratic Senator representing Missouri. Then in 1945, he assumed the vice presidency. Military Service Truman was a member of the National Guard. In 1917, his unit was called up into regular service during World War I. He served from August 1917 until May 1919. He was made a commander of a Field Artillery unit in France. He was part of the Meuse-Argonne offensive in 1918 and was at Verdun at the end of the war. Becoming the President Truman took over the presidency upon Franklin Roosevelts death on April 12, 1945. Then in 1948, the Democrats were at first unsure about backing Truman but eventually rallied behind him to nominate him to run for president. He was opposed by Republican Thomas E. Dewey, Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond, and Progressive Henry Wallace. Truman won with 49% of the popular vote and 303 of the possible 531 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments of Harry S Truman’s Presidency The war in Europe ended in May, 1945. However, America was still at war with Japan. One of the most important decisions made by Truman or possibly any other president was the use of the  atomic bombs in Japan. He ordered two bombs:  one against Hiroshima  on August 6, 1945 and one against Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Trumans goal was to stop the war quickly avoiding further losses of allied troops. Japan sued for peace on August 10th and surrendered on September 2, 1945. Truman was president during the  Nuremberg Trials  which punished 22 Nazi leaders for numerous crimes including crimes against humanity. 19 of them were found guilty. Also,  the United Nations  was created in order to try and avoid future world wars and to help settle conflicts peacefully. Truman created the  Truman Doctrine  which stated that it was the duty of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. America joined with Great Britain to fight against a Soviet blockade of Berlin by airlifting over 2 million tons of supplies to the city. Truman agreed to help rebuild Europe in what was called  the Marshall Plan. America spent over $13 billion dollars to help get Europe back on its feet. In 1948, The Jewish people created the state of Israel in Palestine. The U.S. was among the first to recognize the  new nation. From 1950-53, America participated in the  Korean Conflict. North Korean Communist forces had invaded South Korea. Truman got the UN to agree that the U.S. could expel the North Koreans out of the South. MacArthur was sent in and called for America to go to war with China. Truman would not agree and MacArthur was removed from his post. The U.S. did not achieve its objective in the conflict. Other important issues of Trumans time in office were the  Red Scare, the passage of the 22nd Amendment  limiting a president to two terms,  the Taft-Hartley Act, Trumans Fair Deal, and an  assassination attempt  in 1950. Post Presidential Period Truman decided not to seek reelection in 1952. He retired to Independence, Missouri. He remained active in supporting Democratic candidates for the presidency. He died on December 26, 1972. Historical Significance It was President Truman who made the final decision to use the atomic bombs on Japan to speed up the end of the World War II. His use of the bomb was not only a way to stop what could have been a bloody fight on the mainland but also to send a message to the Soviet Union that the U.S. was not afraid to use the bomb if necessary. Truman was president during the beginnings of the Cold War and also during the Korean War.

The History of Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Work - Research Paper Example From creation, people used to live unorganized lifestyles where they for example lived in caves doing nothing for livelihood. The urge to get organized and engage in some activities geared towards making their lives productive and enjoyable led to development of some tools which they utilized to make a living, for instance, through hunting and gathering. It is from there that they saw the importance of settlement and they became more organized and engaged in activities like farming although to very small scale which later developed to large scale production with advancement or utilization of technology in terms of the tools and products used. The farming revolution was experienced after 9,000 BC and brought a lot of notable changes in the world as people considered farming of crops like wheat, peas, barley and lentils among other plants as opposed to engaging in gathering them or hunting animals. Domestication of animals for instance sheep, goats and pigs was also an aspect that was adopted by the people. The first farming practices can be traced in the Fertile Crescent, which spreads from north Israel to the south east Turkey all the way to the south east of the Persian Gulf. Agriculture was however developed differently in other parts of the world as people now attached a lot of importance to it. Farming spread from the Middle East to Europe and some traditional forms of farming was practiced, for instance, the use of oxen to pull the ploughs and even the wagons. Farming was considered a very critical source of work in the agrarian revolution and people did not think of formal work since things like education and industrialization had not hit their minds. Aspects of farming did not change much in the middle ages as the peasants still considered it a difficult task due to lack of technology that could make their work easier and enjoyable. Changes were only experienced in terms of invention of some new